(2)	Cellular+respiration+–+an+overview

=Cellular respiration=


 * What is cellular respiration?**

The process that the chemical energy in food molecule is released and captured as a form of ATP ("Cell"). During the cellular respiration the oxygen is combined with food molecule and converted into chemical energy while the waste products (carbon dioxide and water) are released ("cellular respiration").

media type="youtube" key="Ay2UGI4Lu80?version=3" height="360" width="640" HaroonBBT, host. A Biological Pathway. Youtube. Youtube LLC,, n.d. Web. 21 Feb. 2012. <[]>.
 * Biological Pathways are important in learning about Cellular Respiration, this video gives an overview of Biological Pathways:**
 * What Cellular Respiration use and produce.**

For cellular respiration energies are used up. The energy that is used up is made from oxygen and glucose. From cellular respiration waste such as carbon dioxide and water vapor. Cellular respiration also produce ATP.

While cellular respiration uses up glucose, it processes other molecules; oxidation and hydrolysis, and changes the forms and composition of molecules to achieve cellular respiration without using some of the molecules.

Cellular respiration is an ongoing process in living organism that is essential in the growth of the organism. The 4 main steps are: glycolysis, link reation, the Krebs cycles, and the electron transport chain (glycolysis and fermentation when cellular respiration is done anaerobically). Most of these steps are biological pathways in which the main 'ingredients' go through to produce the end product, ATP molecules. Cellular respiration occurs many times, and even during the same time in the cells of a living organism. (Spark Notes)

There are also other by products of cellular respiration due to what could be called the last stage of cellular respiration, the electron transport cycle. This would occur in the cytochrome oxidation complex. Basically, O 2 molecules and hydrogen ions would form water molecules, which later has to be released from the body.

Additionally, free radicals would be created in aerobic cellular respiration. Basically, free radicals are atoms that are positively charged after having lost an electron, and are dangerous to the body. Thankfully, our bodies create antioxidant to counter and keep the level of free radicals and antioxidants the same, so we are less vulnerable to diseases. For more information on free radicals, look at the __Smoking and your Lungs__ page in the 09 Cellular Respiration C wiki. (Antioxidants - The Latest Weapon in the War on Smoking and Free Radicals Part I)

__Aerobic Respiration Equation__ Glucose + Oxygen ---> Carbon dioxide + Water + 36 or 38 Energy (ATP) molecules C6H12O6(s) + 6O 2 (g) ---> 6CO 2 (g) + 6H 2 O (I) + 36 or 38 Energy(ATP) molecules __Anaerobic Respiration Equation__ Example: Alcohol Fermentation Glucose ---> Ethanol + Carbon Dioxide + Energy (2 ATP) C 6 H 12 O 6 ---> 2 C 2 H 5 OH + 2 CO 2 + Energy (2 ATP) Lactic Acid Fermentation Glucose ---> Lactic Acid + Energy (2 ATP) C 6 H 12 O 6 ---> C 3 H 6 O 3 + Energy (2 ATP)
 * Word and chemical equations**



Biology. "What Is the Formula for Cellular Respiration." //The Q&A Wiki//. Wikianswers, 2012. Web. 08 Feb. 2012. [].

Inpui. "Cellular Respiration." //Biology @ IUPUI//. Biology, 2012. Web. 08 Feb. 2012. [].

There is a device called a Spirometer which you would need to breathe into it when you breathe into the spirometer the spirometer will graph the rate of the respiration. Another way is where they use a stop watch measure the rate of the respiration. They choose at certain amount of time and you would find out how many time it breathe in and out. Another way to measure respiration is to measure the rate of which an organism (or organisms) consume glucose. Since it is difficult to do this in a school laboratory, a more advanced laboratory is needed. The first step is to provide an organism radioactively-labelled glucose; the next is to measure how quickly the glucose becomes carbon dioxide. Using up the glucose leads to loss of mass, and this can be used to measure respiration. However, this method of measure may not be respiration. One final way is to measure the release of water from a living organism (which indicates respiration), but it also may not be reliable as well. An aerobic respiration is type of respiration where the cell use oxygen to breathe. Anaerobic respiration is another type of respiration where the cell doesn't breathe. So this mean aerobic respiration creates energy by breathing oxygen and anaerobic creates energy without breathing. The advantage of aerobic respiration is that when it breathe it breaks down the food molecules and create a lot of energy. But the disadvantage for this is that when there is no oxygen then this function won't work. The advantage of anaerobic is that you do not need oxygen to create energy. But the disadvantage is that only a small amount of energy is created.
 * How can we measure respiration**
 * Aerobic and anaerobic respiration **

Some information about anaerobic respiration, is that there are only 2 steps: glycolysis and fermentation. Because there is no oxygen in anaerobic respiration, the pyruvates produced from glycolysis is used in fermentation instead, which produces a great deal less ATP molecules. Lactic acid is common in fungi and bacteria. It can also occur in humans during/after exercise, and is the soreness that is felt. Alcoholic fermentation is the present is present in wines, liquors, breads…

Eyeshield42. "What Are the Advantages and Disadvantages of Aerobic and Anaerobic Respiration?please Help!? - Yahoo! UK & Ireland Answers." Yahoo! Answers UK - Ask Questions & Get Answers On Any Topic. Yahoo, 2008. Web. 16 Feb. 2012. <[]>.


 * Work cited:**

" ** cellular respiration. ** " // Encyclopædia Britannica //. // Encyclopædia Britannica Online School Edition //. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 2012. Web. 19 Feb. 2012. < [] >.

"Cell Respiration."//The Biology Place//. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Feb. 2012. .

"Cell Respiration." //Spark Notes//. Spark Notes LLC,, n.d. Web. 16 Feb. 2012. .

"Antioxidants - The Latest Weapon in the War on Smoking and Free Radicals Part I." Intelegen. Intelegen Inc., 2001. Web. 20 Feb. 2012. .