(5)	Smoking+&+your+lungs

=__Smoking & Your Lungs__=

There are 4,000 chemicals in cigarettes; 69 of these can cause cancer. Some types of cancer it causes are: breast, lung, stomach, prostate and kidney cancer.

Smoking can affect your lungs because: Because of the heat and dryness of the smoke and cigarettes, the lungs become irritated. However, the biggest problems and dangers come from the chemicals contained in the burning tobacco. At the moment, 1000 chemicals are known to be in tobacco. What does this do? **Haemoglobin-what makes blood cells red** __Simpler definition:__ When oxygen monoxide is breathed in, it stays on red blood cells permanently stopping oxygen from attaching itself to the red blood cells and letting go when the blood cell becomes acidic. Oxygen that attaches itself to red blood cells is a good process. However, carbon monoxide which permanently stays on the blood cells is not a good process. __What this does:__ || Tar is an irritant and can cause irritations like coughing || When you get tar into your body, the tar goes to the bottom lining of the bronchus. Then, grow through the basement membrane and invades other tissues. As tar is also an irritant, it can cause irritations like making coughing more likely. This creates some physical damage to the lungs. This can make the effects of emphysema worse. || Smoking can cause **bronchitis**. This happens because the cilia are destroyed making the mucus get gather in the respiratory tubes. The dust and the microbes inside of the mucus slide down the respiratory tubes making the person cough. The coughing irritates and swells the bronchi which is what causes bronchitis. Smokers are 20 times more likely to get bronchitis than people who do not smoke. However, lung disease (which often comes from smoking) can be cured by a medicinal spray from doctors. The water droplets in the spray carry the medicine down to the lungs.
 * 1) The smoke inhaled is hot
 * 2) The smoke inhaled has a drying effect
 * 3) The smoke/cigarette has very harmful chemicals contained in it
 * || What is it/what does it do? || Characteristics ||
 * Nicotine || The chemical which makes you addicted || ** Makes your heart beat faster (because it is a stimulant) and makes blood vessels narrow which rises blood pressure
 * Increased heart rate demands for oxygen however the carbon monoxide takes away some of the oxygen therefore heart muscle is more likely to be damaged ||
 * Carbon Monoxide || Reduces oxygen supply || The oxygen is combined with hemoglobin which forms oxyhaemoglobin in the red blood cells. Carbon monoxide makes the amount of oxyhaemoglobin formation smaller since the carbon monoxide binds tightly to the haemoglobin. This effect is and stays permanent as carboxyhaemoglobin is stable.
 * Reduces aerobic respiration - which is bad for sport
 * Reduces the oxygen that is transported across the placenta (this is why babies have low birth-weight)
 * Bad for sport as it makes the amount of aerobic respiration smaller
 * Reduces the amount of oxygen that is transported across the placenta
 * Tar || Tar causes cancer (which is the uncontrolled division of cells)

Some other diseases smoking can cause are cancer in the digestive system, loss of limbs and coronary heart disease. Cancers in the mouth and larynx are likely to occur 5 times more in smokers than non-smokers. Specifically, laryngitis is more common in smokers than non-smokers; its effects are a husky voice and pain that goes with speaking.

On a sidenote, smoking is an addictive habit as well as harmful in physical and psychological ways. It is physically addictive because the body does not function well in the absence of nicotine because it has replaced a natural bodily chemical. It is psychologically addictive because the one that has been addicted links smoking with comfort, meaning if he/she feels stressed that person may automatically reach for a cigarette.

**Figure 1: Bronchitis Visual Explanation from [|Gasscam.com]**

This visual explanation of Bronchitis show that the excess mucus in the Bronchial tubes can clog up these tubes, therefore making it difficult for the person to breath, which is a dangerous thing for the person. **Emphysema** is developed when the walls of the air sacs in the lungs are ruined. This occurs because of the smoke that destroys the lung's tissue. There is less surface for breathing and gas exchange when the walls break down. This causes breathing to become very difficult. Someone who has emphysema could only walk a couple meters before they become breathless. Emphysema almost does not occur in non-smokers.

**Figure 2: Emphysema from [|HealthCentral]**

The air sacs (alveolus) in the lungs have been damaged, therefore making it extremely difficult for gas (C02 and 02) to be exchanged in the air sacs ("//The Respiratory System"//). The tumor when **lung cancer** is developed starts to attack other tissues. Cancer occurs because of some of the substances in cigarettes like carcinogen and tar. This causes uncontrollable division of cells (cancer). This causes pain and a reduced functionality quality of other tissues. This can result death and is 10 times more likely to occur in smokers than in non-smokers. **Figure 3: Lung Cancer from [|WebMD.org]** As can be seen, the cancer tumor is building up around the bronchus in the lungs, which potentially leads to the damage of the alveolus.

**Table 2: smoking Effect on the lung ("How Does")**
 * =====**Effects on lungs **===== || =====**Description** ===== ||
 * =====Loss of lung elasticity --- ===== || Lungs can expand and pulled backed by the elastic tissues. When you smoke, the elastic tissues get damaged. When someone smoke for the period of time, they cannot perform their function. So, eventually the lungs keep staying in expended state causing difficulties in breath out. ||
 * ===== Mucus clogging ===== || The tar stick to the cilia along the nose and throut. This interfere the function of cilia, which is push the dirt mucus onto mouth or nose. As tar clog the cilia, it cannot function properly, and causing clog of lung's protection from impurities. ||
 * =====Reduction in dirt filtering ===== || As the cilia clogged, they cannot filter out chemicals in the cigarette. It causes accumulation of those harmful chemicals in the linings alveoli in lungs. It is really dangerous as it interrupt with alveoli's function, the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide. ||
 * =====Air Sacs Malfuction===== || Deposits of tar lead air sacs to lose elasticity, and the fail in expansion and contraction cause the congested air pockets. The pressure of air pockets causes rupture of air sacs. ||
 * =====Carcinogenic deposits in the lungs===== || The tar contains chemicals that are carcinogenic and toxic to the cells. The continuous deposits of tar in the lung forces the body to create a tumor around the affected area. ||

**Works Cited:**

A.D.A.M., Inc. Emphysema. 2011. A.D.A.M., Inc. HealthCentral.com. Web. 21 Feb.

2012. <[]>.

Bronchitis Visual Explanation. N.d. Gasscam.com, Online. Gasscam.com. Web. 21

Feb. 2012. <[]>.

"Cigarette Ingredients." Tri-County Cessation Center. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Feb. 2012. <[] Cigarette-Ingredients.html>.

"Cigarettes Exposed." Blogspot. N.p., 9 Nov. 2011. Web. 15 Feb. 2012. <[] s1600/1290312971-49.jpg>.

"How Does Cigarette Smoking Affect the Lungs." //Quit Your Smoking Addiction//. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Feb. 2012. .

Lung Cancer. 2002. WebMD.com, Online. WebMD.com. Web. 21 Feb. 2012.

<[]>.

Pickering, W R. "4.3 Smoking and disease." //Complete Biology//. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000. 80 - 81 . Print.

"The Respiratory System." Leavingbio.net. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Feb. 2012.

<[]>. media type="youtube" key="NiBkaWDnYeA" height="315" width="420"-Devin a video that shows the effect of smoking on your lungs